{
  "schema": "news-ownership-manifest/v1",
  "revision": "r1",
  "presentationRevision": "r3",
  "source": {
    "name": "News Ownership Dataset",
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22782826",
    "dataUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/22782826/files/output_news_ownership_dataset_corrected.csv?download=1",
    "paperUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/22782826",
    "version": "Version-specific Zenodo deposit 22782826; no semantic version supplied",
    "retrieved": "2026-09-16T06:05:02Z",
    "sha256": "340d76aae1ac8d2b4420ac35261b1480a4f6c4d6159b64fa34beda688da22991",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0. Anonymous for peer review (2026), News Ownership Dataset, Zenodo. Analysis and transformations by Michael Schymura. The deposit does not separately document underlying third-party data rights.",
    "period": "Deposit: 16 September 2026. Measurement periods undisclosed.",
    "trafficDefinition": "The numeric traffic_visits field is used as supplied. The deposit does not document the observation period, aggregation, geographic scope or desktop/mobile coverage. Explicit zeros are not certified zero audience; missing values are not replaced by zero.",
    "articleDefinition": "The gdelt_article_count field is an alternative exposure proxy. Collection dates, query, deduplication and missing-value meaning are not supplied. Blank cells remain missing, not zero articles.",
    "countryDefinition": "Country means the source's corrected domain assignment, not the visitor's location. The geographic scope of visits is undocumented.",
    "classificationDefinition": "Source-assigned labels: commercial, public_service, state_sponsored, government_nonmedia and party_press. Government nonmedia are excluded by our explicit analysis rule. Party press remains Other. Criteria are undocumented; for example, nhk.or.jp is supplied as commercial. These labels are not independently verified.",
    "ownerDefinition": "The owners field contains names, not stable owner IDs. Default linked grouping connects names co-listed in a country's non-excluded, non-government records, including portals, with transitive closure. This can connect parents, subsidiaries or historical owners and is not verified beneficial ownership. Exact-name-set sensitivity groups the normalized semicolon sets instead. No fuzzy matching or cross-country linkage is used. owners_published is retained separately and is never substituted for owners because it can conflict.",
    "documentationStatus": "The deposit contains one CSV. No codebook, calculation code, measurement-period documentation or downloadable companion paper was supplied. The mentioned paper was not located during source verification."
  },
  "sourceRows": 25631,
  "retainedFields": [
    "domain",
    "gdelt_article_count",
    "medium",
    "wikidata_id",
    "countrycode",
    "category_similarweb",
    "traffic_visits",
    "continent",
    "owners",
    "is_portal",
    "state_class",
    "owners_published",
    "owner_source",
    "is_excluded",
    "countrycode_corrected",
    "country_source"
  ],
  "command": "npm run news-ownership:data",
  "normalization": [
    "Validate host syntax; retain subdomains; do not merge www aliases. Remove invalid domains from analysis only.",
    "Use corrected country codes; blank corrected codes remain unassigned. Map the eight ISO3 keys to ISO2 only for presentation.",
    "Preserve both owner fields and categorical owner_source. Never fill owners from owners_published.",
    "Shared-name grouping and exact-name-set grouping are explicit alternatives, not verified beneficial ownership.",
    "Exclude is_excluded=True and government_nonmedia; portals optional. Source scope retains unflagged platforms; news scope requires a news_and_media component in category_similarweb.",
    "Keep multi-medium memberships. Blank medium is unclassified; proportional allocation uses exact source-medium combinations.",
    "No exposure imputation; null and literal zero reported separately. HHI uses fractions, not the 10,000-point convention.",
    "Source-assigned institutional categories are unverified; party_press is Other, never Commercial."
  ],
  "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "outputs": [
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