{ "schema": "three-versions-relationships/v1", "revision": "relationships-r1", "frozenAt": "2026-09-17", "countries": [ { "code": "CAN", "name": "Canada" }, { "code": "USA", "name": "United States" }, { "code": "AUT", "name": "Austria" }, { "code": "BEL", "name": "Belgium" }, { "code": "BGR", "name": "Bulgaria" }, { "code": "HRV", "name": "Croatia" }, { "code": "CYP", "name": "Cyprus" }, { "code": "CZE", "name": "Czechia" }, { "code": "DNK", "name": "Denmark" }, { "code": "EST", "name": "Estonia" }, { "code": "FIN", "name": "Finland" }, { "code": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "code": "DEU", "name": "Germany" }, { "code": "GRC", "name": "Greece" }, { "code": "HUN", "name": "Hungary" }, { "code": "IRL", "name": "Ireland" }, { "code": "ITA", "name": "Italy" }, { "code": "LVA", "name": "Latvia" }, { "code": "LTU", "name": "Lithuania" }, { "code": "LUX", "name": "Luxembourg" }, { "code": "MLT", "name": "Malta" }, { "code": "NLD", "name": "Netherlands" }, { "code": "POL", "name": "Poland" }, { "code": "PRT", "name": "Portugal" }, { "code": "ROU", "name": "Romania" }, { "code": "SVK", "name": "Slovak Republic" }, { "code": "SVN", "name": "Slovenia" }, { "code": "ESP", "name": "Spain" }, { "code": "SWE", "name": "Sweden" } ], "indicators": [ { "id": "output", "label": "Output per person", "domain": "capacity", "unit": "constant 2021 international dollars", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.KD", "note": "Average production, not median disposable income; extreme multinational-economy values affect range normalization.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "investment", "label": "Fixed investment", "domain": "capacity", "unit": "% of GDP", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.FTOT.ZS", "note": "Resources committed to fixed assets, not their returns.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "research", "label": "Research and development", "domain": "capacity", "unit": "% of GDP", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS", "note": "Expenditure input, not innovation output.", "profileYear": 2023 }, { "id": "internet", "label": "Internet use", "domain": "capacity", "unit": "% of population", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS", "note": "ITU/WDI digital access/use, not enterprise AI adoption or digital skill.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "industry-jobs", "label": "Industry employment", "domain": "structure", "unit": "% of total employment", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.IND.EMPL.ZS", "note": "ILO modeled estimate. Industry includes more than manufacturing; it is not the GDP production share.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "services-output", "label": "Services value added", "domain": "structure", "unit": "% of GDP", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.SRV.TOTL.ZS", "note": "Use the latest year shared by all 29 countries. Do not replace missing current North American data with a different year.", "profileYear": 2021 }, { "id": "openness", "label": "Trade openness", "domain": "structure", "unit": "exports plus imports / % of GDP", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS", "note": "Country-level goods and services, including EU members trading with each other. Not the extra-EU export denominator in the chord; can exceed 100%.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "public-spending", "label": "General-government expenditure", "domain": "state", "unit": "% of GDP", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/G_X_G01_GDP_PT@FM/CAN/USA", "note": "IMF national-government expenditure, including transfers. Historical data may include staff estimates; this is not the EU institutions budget.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "public-debt", "label": "General-government gross debt", "domain": "state", "unit": "% of GDP", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/G_XWDG_G01_GDP_PT@FM/CAN/USA", "note": "Gross debt, not net worth or fiscal sustainability. Country accounting coverage can differ.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "defence", "label": "Military expenditure", "domain": "state", "unit": "% of GDP", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS", "note": "Frozen WDI/SIPRI source series. The separately displayed SIPRI 2025 vintage does not silently overwrite this baseline. Expenditure is not capability.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "longevity", "label": "Life expectancy", "domain": "health", "unit": "years at birth", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN", "note": "Period life expectancy; not the realized lifespan of a newborn or a causal health-system efficiency measure.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "child-mortality", "label": "Under-five mortality", "domain": "health", "unit": "per 1,000 live births", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.DYN.MORT", "note": "Official model-based mortality probability; not a cohort death count. Infant mortality is excluded to reduce duplication.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "health-spending", "label": "Health expenditure per person", "domain": "health", "unit": "current international dollars", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.PP.CD", "note": "PPP-adjusted current expenditure, not inflation-adjusted spending growth. Distinct from constant-price GDP per person.", "profileYear": 2023 }, { "id": "out-of-pocket", "label": "Out-of-pocket financing", "domain": "health", "unit": "% of current health expenditure", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.OOPC.CH.ZS", "note": "Financing mix, not the share of household income paid for care or a measure of unmet need.", "profileYear": 2023 }, { "id": "ageing", "label": "Population aged 65+", "domain": "demography", "unit": "% of population", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS", "note": "Age composition, not a dependency forecast.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "fertility", "label": "Total fertility rate", "domain": "demography", "unit": "births per woman", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN", "note": "Period fertility rate, not completed cohort fertility.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "female-participation", "label": "Female labour participation", "domain": "demography", "unit": "% of female population aged 15+", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS", "note": "ILO modeled estimate, sensitive to population age composition; not a prime-age participation rate.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "domain": "demography", "unit": "% of labour force", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS", "note": "ILO modeled estimate; differs from the employment-to-population ratio.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "carbon", "label": "Territorial CO₂ per person", "domain": "climate", "unit": "tonnes CO₂e per person", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5", "note": "Carbon dioxide only, excluding land-use change; not all greenhouse gases or a consumption footprint.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "renewables", "label": "Renewable final energy", "domain": "climate", "unit": "% of total final energy consumption", "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS", "note": "Final energy, not electricity alone. Historical common-year evidence does not describe current installed capacity.", "profileYear": 2021 }, { "id": "pisa-science", "label": "PISA science", "domain": "learning", "unit": "score points", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cmec.ca/Publications/Lists/Publications/Attachments/448/PISA_2025_Public_Report_EN.pdf", "note": "Published 2025 country mean, not an EU student average. Canada/US/Netherlands sampling cautions and standard errors remain relevant; the sensitivity without learning is mandatory.", "profileYear": 2025 }, { "id": "pisa-reading", "label": "PISA reading", "domain": "learning", "unit": "score points", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cmec.ca/Publications/Lists/Publications/Attachments/448/PISA_2025_Public_Report_EN.pdf", "note": "Published 2025 country mean, not an EU student average. Canada/US/Netherlands sampling cautions and standard errors remain relevant; the sensitivity without learning is mandatory.", "profileYear": 2025 }, { "id": "pisa-mathematics", "label": "PISA mathematics", "domain": "learning", "unit": "score points", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cmec.ca/Publications/Lists/Publications/Attachments/448/PISA_2025_Public_Report_EN.pdf", "note": "Published 2025 country mean, not an EU student average. Canada/US/Netherlands sampling cautions and standard errors remain relevant; the sensitivity without learning is mandatory.", "profileYear": 2025 }, { "id": "wgi-va", "label": "Voice and accountability", "domain": "institutions", "unit": "WGI governance-estimate statistical units", "sourceUrl": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators", "note": "Perception-based composite estimate with measurement uncertainty; one internally consistent WGI vintage. Six correlated measures share one domain weight, not six independent votes.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "wgi-pv", "label": "Political stability", "domain": "institutions", "unit": "WGI governance-estimate statistical units", "sourceUrl": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators", "note": "Perception-based composite estimate with measurement uncertainty; one internally consistent WGI vintage. Six correlated measures share one domain weight, not six independent votes.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "wgi-ge", "label": "Government effectiveness", "domain": "institutions", "unit": "WGI governance-estimate statistical units", "sourceUrl": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators", "note": "Perception-based composite estimate with measurement uncertainty; one internally consistent WGI vintage. Six correlated measures share one domain weight, not six independent votes.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "wgi-rq", "label": "Regulatory quality", "domain": "institutions", "unit": "WGI governance-estimate statistical units", "sourceUrl": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators", "note": "Perception-based composite estimate with measurement uncertainty; one internally consistent WGI vintage. Six correlated measures share one domain weight, not six independent votes.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "wgi-rl", "label": "Rule of law", "domain": "institutions", "unit": "WGI governance-estimate statistical units", "sourceUrl": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators", "note": "Perception-based composite estimate with measurement uncertainty; one internally consistent WGI vintage. Six correlated measures share one domain weight, not six independent votes.", "profileYear": 2024 }, { "id": "wgi-cc", "label": "Control of corruption", "domain": "institutions", "unit": "WGI governance-estimate statistical units", "sourceUrl": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators", "note": "Perception-based composite estimate with measurement uncertainty; one internally consistent WGI vintage. Six correlated measures share one domain weight, not six independent votes.", "profileYear": 2024 } ], "panels": [ { "id": "profile", "label": "Profile panel", "indicatorIds": [ "output", "investment", "research", "internet", "industry-jobs", "services-output", "openness", "public-spending", "public-debt", "defence", "longevity", "child-mortality", "health-spending", "out-of-pocket", "ageing", "fertility", "female-participation", "unemployment", "carbon", "renewables", "pisa-science", "pisa-reading", "pisa-mathematics", "wgi-va", "wgi-pv", "wgi-ge", "wgi-rq", "wgi-rl", "wgi-cc" ], "frameIds": [ "profile" ], "note": "Each variable uses its own latest complete 29-country profile year. Mixed-year composition is explicit and not an annual panel." }, { "id": "annual", "label": "Matched 2019–2023 panel", "indicatorIds": [ "output", "investment", "research", "internet", "industry-jobs", "openness", "public-spending", "public-debt", "defence", "longevity", "child-mortality", "health-spending", "out-of-pocket", "ageing", "fertility", "female-participation", "unemployment", "carbon", "wgi-va", "wgi-pv", "wgi-ge", "wgi-rq", "wgi-rl", "wgi-cc" ], "frameIds": [ "year-2019", "year-2020", "year-2021", "year-2022", "year-2023" ], "note": "The annual panel fixes one 24-variable set shared by every year from 2019 through 2023. PISA, services output and renewables are excluded because later complete years are unavailable." }, { "id": "extended", "label": "Matched 2019–2024 panel", "indicatorIds": [ "output", "investment", "internet", "industry-jobs", "openness", "public-spending", "public-debt", "defence", "longevity", "child-mortality", "ageing", "fertility", "female-participation", "unemployment", "carbon", "wgi-va", "wgi-pv", "wgi-ge", "wgi-rq", "wgi-rl", "wgi-cc" ], "frameIds": [ "year-2019", "year-2020", "year-2021", "year-2022", "year-2023", "year-2024" ], "note": "The extended panel adds 2024 while preserving a fixed 21-variable set. Research, health spending and out-of-pocket financing drop out because 2024 is incomplete." } ], "frames": [ { "id": "profile", "label": "Latest complete profile by indicator", "year": null, "values": { "output": [ 57534.0915185335, 75698.1773354629, 63787.9891749462, 63311.2766917178, 34221.3866940362, 42828.7997273569, 52861.8359375, 47972.53171792, 71034.5789667138, 41185.8348356109, 55901.3202296588, 54799.3482689389, 62654.602264023, 37474.2798239947, 40747.1986679668, 118833.312071751, 53284.8745049149, 37615.0762450744, 47462.0039386975, 128475.283540415, 62398.4892388947, 70493.9051219267, 45153.0439773281, 42228.1580446502, 40503.8323253789, 40302.4514288424, 48658.0265180267, 48460.2914069661, 62558.4065876041 ], "investment": [ 22.9101597496711, 21.3498335194267, 23.5479112127244, 24.2779848762966, 18.3125443566691, 25.1906175426343, 20.5485340033866, 26.5024711602825, 23.3320384051141, 23.8965498272625, 22.0530955495248, 22.096846539157, 20.4603173503166, 16.0395231559948, 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24.831244563959, 19.5233677385897, 28.1305382372254, 26.6614632147087, 16.3449380773714, 35.3325197665952, 19.0027329538531, 26.4526520362988, 20.972961500396, 19.5436001329131, 26.2904809714931, 16.3549607119224, 30.8115080349249, 18.4511743291667, 26.6836054797934, 21.9775673798169, 25.9892259481361, 7.82174048373217, 17.9342182375258, 14.0210093089947, 30.1998893468924, 24.7631634041662, 32.653380600289, 34.9500644366084, 32.055500354017, 20.0916194737731, 17.0202664217234 ], "services-output": [ 66.1138262166808, 76.2563816410471, 62.30330605534, 70.7487167204956, 62.428388629992, 59.0490718680904, 75.7895819401386, 60.8665523629247, 66.6398766336931, 62.7166747108643, 60.1590262256597, 70.6735726050728, 63.5453543127468, 68.9330353905441, 57.3674994014629, 55.1666541370771, 64.8364560164046, 61.6249417393174, 60.8408068662956, 79.9504402405608, 79.6729350126186, 69.4429925410801, 56.4521825514612, 65.0687062575411, 59.5240162986079, 60.1256272734401, 57.8590988226047, 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