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Europe, Measured

ESS-19 / Gender, work & age

The work-family bill

Who pays the wellbeing tax of work-family conflict: mothers, fathers or childless workers?

PlannedWave 3Research question, not a published result

The question

Compare paid hours, care demands and reported conflict across household types.

What the analysis will test

Primary quantity
Weighted work-family conflict and wellbeing gaps by household type.
Evidence
ESS rounds 2, 5. Modules: work family.
Primary comparison
Work-care burden comparison. The final form depends on validated data and uncertainty.
Publication threshold
Pinned source editions, reviewed questionnaire comparability, survey-design-aware intervals, disclosure checks and reproducible aggregate outputs.

What this evidence does not prove

The measured association is not the causal price of care; the historical module windows must remain visible.

The ESS interviews different probability samples in each round. It measures structural differences and change, not today's mood or the same individuals over time.

Sources and next release

This page reserves the permanent address for ESS-19. Estimates and downloads will appear here after the data, statistical, editorial and reproducibility checks pass.

Series methodology and source register / ESS11 edition 4.2